Showing posts with label GENERAL ISSUES. Show all posts
Showing posts with label GENERAL ISSUES. Show all posts

Sunday, 17 April 2011


IMPORTANT DAYS FOR UPSC PRELIMS


January


  27

February


  2
world's wetlands day

March


  8
International Women's Day and UN Day for Women's Rights and International Peace 
  21
International Day for the Elimination of Racial Discrimination
  21 March - 28 March 
Week of Solidarity with the Peoples Struggling against Racism and Racial Discrimination
  22
World Water Day
  23

April


  4
International Day for Mine Awareness and Assistance in Mine Action
  7
  23
World Book and Copyright Day

May


  3
  15
  17
World Information Society Day (formerly World Telecommunication Day)
  21
  22
International Day for Biological Diversity (formerly December 29, changed in 2001)

  25 May - 1 June
Week of Solidarity with the Peoples of Non-Self-Governing Territories
  29
  31
World No-Tobacco Day

June


  5
  17
  20
  23
  26
International Day Against Drug Abuse and Illicit Trafficking and 
International Day in Support of Victims of Torture

July


  1st Saturday
  11
World Population Day

August


  9
International Day of the World's Indigenous People
  12
International Youth Day
  23
International Day for the Remembrance of the Slave Trade and its Abolition

September


  8
International Literacy Day
  16
International Day for the Preservation of the Ozone Layer
  21
International Day of Peace (formerly the opening day of the UN General Assembly, changed to a set date as of 2002)
  During last week
World Maritime Day

October


  1
International Day for the Older Person
  4 October - 10 October
World Space Week
  5
World Teacher's Day
  1st Monday
World Habitat Day
  2nd Wednesday
International Day for Natural Disaster Reduction
  9
World Post Day
  10
World Mental Health Day
  16
World Food Day
  17
International Day for the Eradication of Poverty
  24
United Nations Day  and  World Developemnt Information Day
  24 October - 30 October 
Disarmament Week

November


   6
International Day for Preventing the Exploitation of the Environment in War and Armed Conflict
  14
World Diabetes Day
  16
International Day of Tolerance
  3rd Sunday
World Day of Remembrance for Road Traffic Victims
  20
Universal Children's Day, and 
Africa Industrialization Day
  21
World Television Day
  25
International Day for the Elimination of Violence against Women
  29
International Day of Solidarity with the Palestinian People

December


  1
World AIDS Day
  2
International Day for the Abolition of Slavery
  3
  5
  7
  9
  10
Human Rights Day
  11
International Mountain Day
  18
International Migrants Day
  19
  20
International Human Solidarity Day

Wednesday, 6 April 2011

India's best students who became CEOs


NARAYAN MURTHY
As a boy, Nagavara Ramarao Narayana Murthy was someone who could easily go unnoticed in a crowd. He was short, but sharp. Often, his seniors in school came to him for solving Science problems.
Murthy came from a lower middle class, Brahmin family from Mysore. His father, a school teacher, was fond of English literature. And like all the boys of his class, he too had dreams of going to IIT. So he worked hard, studied in the shade of boulders close to Chamundi hills, and helped many in his class to prepare for the entrance exam.
Murthy wasn’t surprised when he got through. When he broke the news of his success to his father, it is said his words were: ‘Anna, I have passed the exam…I want to join IIT.” Proud he was of his son’s achievement but he couldn’t afford the fees and so Murthy had to relinquish his IIT dreams. Murthy stayed back in Mysore. When asked about his decision to stay back, he said to his friends, "It is not the institution but you alone who can change your life with hard work".
He lived up to his own words. Several years afterwards, Narayana Murthy revolutionised India’s software industry by founding Infosys. And this has made him the icon of middle class dreams. He redefined India in the eyes world. India was no longer a third world country, but a fast developing nation. In the process, he promoted thousands of young, creative Indian minds to the world and made Infosys and India a hub of talent.
It is known to the world that he founded Infosys along with six others with just a few thousand rupees which his wife, Sudha Murthy gave. It was an incredible risk to take, but Murthy knew it was going to work, just as he knew he would get through IIT. Which he did, eventually. After Murthy graduated from the National Institute of Engineering, Mysore, he joined IIT, Kanpur.
Thanks to IT and its development, the little known romance of Murthy and Sudha Kulkarni is talked about everywhere. It is hard to believe reading from Sudha’s account of an introvert, quiet Murthy, that he is the same person to have revolutionised the IT industry.
When Murthy was asked by Sudha’s father about his ambitions, he said he wanted to become a politician in the communist party and wanted to open an orphanage.
While he has opened several orphanages since, his dream of becoming a politician still remains unfulfilled. After retiring from Infosys, Murthy was hoping to become President of India after the term of Dr. Abdul Kalam. Even though he denied having political ambitions, his supporters would like to see him on the throne.
Our Mysore Murthy is, no doubt, a visionary who has ignited millions of young minds.
Education
B E (1967)
MTech (1969)
Honours and Awards
Padma Vibushan- 2008
Officer of the Legion of Honor- 2008
World Entrepreneur of the Year- 2003
Business India’s “Businessman of the Year- 1999
JRD Tata Corporate Leadership Award- 1996-97
INDRA NOOYI
Chairman & CEO, PepsiCo
Chairman of PepsiCo's Board of Directors, Indra is the highest-ranking Indian-born woman in corporate America, and she attributes much of her success to her upbringing in India. "Being a woman and being foreign-born, you've got to be smarter than anyone else," says Nooyi, who often dons a sari at PepsiCo events.
Education
She completed schooling at Holy Angels AIHSS, Chennai, has a BSc (Chemistry) from Madras Christian College in 1974 and a PGDM from IIM Calcutta. In 1978, Nooyi earned a Master's degree in Public and Private Management from Yale School of Management. At Yale, she worked as a receptionist from midnight to 5 a.m. to earn some money.
Career graph
Starting her career in India, Nooyi held different positions at Johnson & Johnson and textile firm Mettur Beardsell. In the US, Nooyi worked with BCG, Motorola and ABB. Nooyi joined PepsiCo in 1994, and became chairperson in 2007.
Childhood memories
As a child, Indra’s grandfather insisted on academic excellence from his grandchildren. According to Indra, when she did not figure in the top three ranks in class, she preferred to throw herself under a bus than face her grandfather.
Awards
2007, Padma Bhushan
2008 Elected as Fellow, American Academy of Arts and Sciences
ARUN SARIN
Former CEO, Vodafone
Born on October 21, 1954 at Panchmari, Madhya Pradesh, Sarin was an academically bright student. He was equally good at sports like field hockey, boxing and various extracurricular activities. He wanted to follow his father's footsteps into the military by pursuing a career as a pilot, but when his mom protested, he applied and was accepted at IIT, Kharagpur.
He graduated from the IIT in 1975 with a Bachelor of Science degree in engineering in the top 10 percent of his class and received the BC Roy gold medal for academic excellence. He received a full scholarship to the University of California, Berkeley, Graduate College of Engineering.
In the year 2003, Sarin became the Chief Executive Officer of Vodafone. When he resigned in 2008 from his post Vodafone was the world's largest mobile phone company by revenue. It was the firm’s large market presence in India that catapulted Sarin into the limelight. Currently he serves on the boards of Cisco and Safeway, Inc.
Academics
BTech (IIT)
MBA (Haas UC,Berkeley)
Awards
University of California at Berkeley, Haas School Business Leader of Year- 2002
University of California Trust (UK) Award- 2003
Born in Nagpur, Pandit was the Citigroup’s youngest CEO when he took over in 2007. The first Indian to achieve this feat, the job was touted as the toughest in the world due to the company’s poor performance.
A brilliant boy in school, he moved to US when he was 16. After finishing his Master’s in electrical engineering and MBA from Columbia University, he was determined to get a PhD in a different subject. In those days, students preferred to either study medicine or engineering. And that was the time when his guide advised him to take up finance, as it was a good field. He followed the advice, and switched to finance.
For a brief span, he taught at Indiana University Bloomington, Columbia’s Business School. He stepped into the corporate world in 1994, as a head of Morgan Stanley. His administrative and technical skills, plus an ability to make himself indispensable to bosses like John J. Mack and Phillip J. Purcell, fuelled his career at Morgan Stanley, where he became the president. He dealt with the Institutional Securities Division, Worldwide Institutional Equities Division. For him, this was an interesting area to work on
“To do well you have to put a lot of yourself into it.”
BS, Electrical Engineering, Columbia University (1976)
MS, Columbia University (1977)
MBA, Columbia Business School, Columbia University (1980)
PhD, Columbia Business School, Columbia University (1986)
SABEER BHATIA
Pioneer of web-based e-mail
Sabeer Bhatia has done the unconventional ever since he decided to study abroad at the age of 19; two years into undergraduate education at the Birla Institute of Technology and Science, he qualified for a transfer scholarship at Caltech, considered to be the world's most competitive scholarship. After graduating from Caltech in 1989, he pursued an MS in Electrical Engineering at Stanford University.
At the age of 27, Bhatia was no longer interested in working for others, and together with Smith, began chasing what many people in Silicon Valley deemed a “crazy idea” – a free e-mail service. They raised about $300,000 for their venture - Hotmail. Within a year, Hotmail had one million subscribers. So revolutionary was it that Microsoft bought it for $400 million after 18 months.
Did you know?
* He was rejected by 20 venture capitalists before Draper Fisher Juvetson bought his idea.
* The original spelling was HoTMaiL
Award
TR100 by the MIT, given to 100 young innovators who are expected to have the greatest impact on technology.
Qualifications
BTech, BITS Pilani
BSc(Honours) California Institute of Technology, US
MS Electrical Engineering (Stanford)

Census of India 2011-India at a Glance and Summary


Area :
Area of India : 3,287,240 Sq km.*
Largest StateRajasthan
342,239 Sq km
Smallest StateGoa
3,702 Sq km
Largest Union TerritoryAndaman & Nicobar Islands
8,249 Sq km
Smallest Union TerritoryLakshadweep
32 Sq km
Largest DistrictKachchh (Gujarat)
45,652 Sq km
Smallest DistrictMahe ( Pondicherry )
9 Sq km
* The area figure exclude 78,114 sq. km. under the illegal occupation of Pakistan, 5,180 sq. km. Illegally handed over by Pakistan to China and 37,555 sq.km. under the illegal occupation of China in Ladakh district.

Administrative Divisions :
No. of States
28
No. of Union Territories
7
No. of Districts
593
No. of Sub-districts
5,463
No. of CD Blocks
3,799
No. of Urban Agglomerations / Towns
4,378
No. of Urban Agglomerations
384
No. of Towns
5,161
No. of Inhabited Villages
593,731
No. of Uninhabited Villages
44,656
Population :
Persons1,028,737,436
Males532,223,090
Females496,514,346
Highest / Lowest Population :
 State with Highest Population
Uttar Pradesh
166,197,921
 State with Lowest Population
Sikkim
540,851
 UT with Highest Population
Delhi
13,850,507
 UT with Lowest Population
Lakshadweep
60,650
 District with Highest Population
Medinipur (West Bengal)
9,610,788 
 District with Lowest Population
Yanam (Pondicherry)
31,394

Note: @ The total population and rural population include estimated population of 127,108 for Mao Maram, Paomata and Purul sub-divisions of Senapati district of Manipur. India’s population without the estimated population of these areas is 1,028,610,328 (532,156,772 males and 496,453,556 females)

Note : - Includes estimated population of Paomata, Mao Maram and Purul Sub-division of Senapati district of Manipur.

Institutional and Houseless Population
 
Percentage to
 
Persons
Total Population (%)
Houseless Population
Total
1,943,766
1.00
 
Rural
1,165,167
0.85
 
Urban
778,599
1.39
Institutional Population
Total
7,802,866
4.03
 
Rural
4,044,152
2.94
 
Urban
3,758,714
6.73
Population Density
 
Persons / Sq. Km
 
India
325
State with Highest Population DensityWest Bengal
903
State with Lowest Population DensityArunachal Pradesh
13
UT with Highest Population DensityDelhi
9,340
UT with Lowest Population DensityAndaman & Nicobar Islands
43
District with Highest Population DensityNorth East (Delhi)
29,468
District with Lowest Population DensityLahul & Spiti (Himachal Pradesh)
2


Rural - Urban Distribution
Population
(%)
Rural
742,490,639
72.2%
Urban
286,119,689
27.8%
State with highest proportion of Urban Population
Goa
 
49.76
State with lowest proportion of Urban Population
Himachal Pradesh
 
9.30
UT with highest proportion of Urban Population
Delhi
 93.18
UT with lowest proportion of Urban Population
Dadra & Nagar Haveli
 22.89

Sex ratio (females per thousand males)
 
India
933
 
Rural
946
 
Urban
900
State with Highest Female Sex RatioKerala
1,058
State with Lowest Female Sex RatioHaryana
861
UT with Highest Female Sex RatioPondicherry
1,001
UT with Lowest Female Sex RatioDaman & Diu
710
District with Highest Female Sex RatioMahe (Pondicherry)
1,147
District with Lowest Female Sex RatioDaman (Daman & Diu)
591

Age Groups
Persons
Males
Females
6 years and below
163,819,614
84,999,203
78,820,411
Proportion to total population (%)
15.9
16.0
15.9
7 to 14 years
199,791,198
104,488,119
95,303,079
Proportion to total population (%)
19.4
19.6
19.2
15 to 59 years
585,638,723
303,400,561
282,238,162
Proportion to total population (%)
56.9
57.0
56.9
60 years and above
76,622,321
37,768,327
38,853,994
Proportion to total population (%)
7.5
7.1
7.8
Age Not Stated
2,738,472
1,500,562
1,237,910
Proportion to total population (%)
0.3
0.3
0.3

Variation in population since 1901
Year
Total
Rural
Urban
1901
238,396,327
212,544,454
25,851,873
1911
252,093,390
226,151,757
25,941,633
1921
251,321,213
223,235,043
28,086,170
1931
278,977,238
245,521,249
33,455,989
1941
318,660,580
274,507,283
44,153,297
1951
361,088,090
298,644,381
62,443,709
1961
439,234,771
360,298,168
78,936,603
1971
548,159,652
439,045,675
109,113,977
1981
683,329,097
523,866,550
159,462,547
1991
846,302,688
628,691,676
217,611,012
2001*
1,028,737,436
742,490,639
286,119,689
Note: * The total population and rural population include estimated population of 127,108 for Mao Maram, Paomata and Purul sub-divisions of Senapati district of Manipur. India’s population without the estimated population of these areas is 1,028,610,328 (532,156,772 males and 496,453,556 females)

Number of Literates & Literacy Rate
  
  Persons
  Males
  Females
 Total
No. of literates
560,687,797
336,533,716
224,154,081
 Literacy rate
64.8%
75.3%
53.7%
 Rural
No. of literates
  361,870,817
 223,551,641
138,319,176
 Literacy rate
  58.7%
 70.7%
  46.1%
 Urban
No. of literates
198,816,980
112,982,075
85,834,905
 Literacy rate
79.9%
86.3%
72.9%
 
Persons (%)
Males (%)
Females (%)
 State with Highest Literacy Rate
  Kerala (90.9)
  Kerala (94.2)
  Kerala (87.7)
 State with Lowest Literacy Rate
  Bihar (47.0)
  Bihar (59.7)
  Bihar (33.1)
 UT with Highest Literacy Rate
  Lakshadweep (86.7)
  Lakshadweep (92.5)
  Lakshadweep (80.5)
 UT with Lowest Literacy Rate
  Dadra & Nagar Haveli (57.6)
  Dadra & Nagar Haveli (71.2)
  Dadra & Nagar Haveli (40.2)
 District with Highest Literacy Rate
  Aizwal, Mizoram   (96.5)
  Mahe, Pondicherry (97.6)
  Aizwal, Mizoram  (96.26)
 District with Lowest Literacy Rate
  Dantewada Chhattisgarh (30.17)
  Dantewada Chhattisgarh (39.75)
  Shrawasti UP (7.7)

Number of Districts by Sex-wise Literacy Rate :
 Literacy Rate
  Males
  Females
 Up to 25.00 %
--
18
 25.01 % to 50.00 %
22
243
 50.01% to 75.00 %
244
287
 Above 75 %
327
45
 Total :
593
593
Work Participation Rate :
Total Workers
Number
Rate (%)
Persons
402,234,724
39.1
Males
275,014,476
51.7
Females
127,220,248
25.6
Main Workers
Persons
313,004,983
30.4
Males
240,147,813
45.1
Females
72,857,170
14.7
Marginal Workers
Persons
89,229,741
8.7
Males
34,866,663
6.6
Females
54,363,078
11
Religious Composition
Population *
(%)
Hindus
827,578,868
80.5
Muslims
138,188,240
13.4
Christians
24,080,016
2.3
Sikhs
19,215,730
1.9
Buddhists
7,955,207
0.8
Jains
4,225,053
0.4
Other Religions & Persuasions
6,639,626
0.6
Religion not stated
727,588
0.1
Total *
1,028,610,328
100.0


Scheduled Castes & Scheduled Tribes Population:
Scheduled Castes & Scheduled Tribes Population
Scheduled Castes :
166,635,700
16.2%
Scheduled Tribes :
84,326,240
8.2%
Scheduled Castes
State with highest proportion of Scheduled Castes
Punjab ( 28.9 %)
State with lowest proportion of Scheduled Castes
Mizoram ( 0.03 %)
UT with highest proportion of Scheduled Castes
Chandigarh (17.5%)
UT with lowest proportion of Scheduled Castes
D & N Haveli (1.9% )
District with highest proportion of Scheduled Castes
Koch-Bihar (50.1%)
District with lowest proportion of Scheduled Castes
Lawngtlai Mizoram (0.01%)
Scheduled Tribes
State with highest proportion of Scheduled Tribes
Mizoram ( 94.5 % )
State with lowest proportion of Scheduled Tribes
Goa (0.04 %)
UT with highest proportion of Scheduled Tribes
Lakshadweep (94.5 %)
UT with lowest proportion of Scheduled Tribes
A & N Islands (8.3 %)
District with highest proportion of Scheduled Tribes
Sarchhip, Mizoram ( 98.1%)
District with lowest proportion of Scheduled Tribes
Hathras, Uttar Pradesh (0.01%)